Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have revolutionized computational intelligence by enabling the system to learn from data, recognize patterns, and make decisions without clear programming. As a basic component of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), ANNs play an important role in achieving groundbreaking results in different fields such as health care, finance, transport, and natural language treatment. This letter presents a detailed discovery of the ANS structure, their learning methods, main types, applications, benefits, and implied challenges. The rise of deep education has further improved the ANS capabilities so that they can operate autonomously in a rapidly composed environment. The study emphasizes both theoretical support and practical applications of other technology and discusses promising future directions such as neuromorphic data processing and quantum neural networks.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network Architecture, Learning Mechanism, Deep Learning, Neural Calculation